Early postoperative severe pulmonary embolism is usually considered an indication for surgical embolectomy because thrombolytic agents cannot be used. Severe pulmonary embolism was diagnosed 2 days after lung resection in two patients, including one with hypercapnia during spontaneous breathing, perhaps a unique feature of massive embolism on a single lung. Although emergency surgical embolectomy was available, both patients were given a bolus infusion of thrombolytic agents, with an immediate (within 1 h) clinical and hemodynamic improvement and a favorable outcome despite delayed major bleeding in one patient. The reported data and an analysis of the available literature support the view that recent surgery should be considered a relative rather than absolute contraindication to thrombolysis and that decision making in this setting should be based on a careful case-by-case evaluation of the expected benefits and risks of the various available treatments.