There are >22 million Americans with asthma. Chronic asthma is a worldwide problem with an increasing socioeconomic burden on individuals and on society. Recent advances have been made in diagnostic lung imaging, defining control of asthma, as well as in the education of patients with asthma. Accurate diagnosis of the cause of chronic cough in adults and of asthma in elderly individuals will help affected individuals receive appropriate treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids are the recommended first-line therapy for persistent asthma and can help prevent exacerbations in patients with asthma that are not well controlled. Early intervention and improved management can significantly reduce the socioeconomic burden of asthma. Patient education is an essential part of asthma management.