Unadjusted and adjusted ORs for the association between vitamin D supplementation and pneumonia risk for the three independent case–control studies
| Cases | Controls | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case–control study 1 | Subjects | 504 | 2016 | ||
| ANTONIUS-PHARMO | No vit D use | 475 (95.8) | 1991 (98.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Vit D use | 21 (4.2) | 25 (1.2) | 3.428 (1.906 to 6.165) | 1.814* (0.865 to 3.803) | |
| Case–control study 2 | Subjects | 20824 | 41268 | ||
| PHARMO-PHARMO | No vit D use | 19963 (95.9) | 40235 (97.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Vit D use | 861 (4.1) | 1033 (2.5) | 1.704 (1.552 to 1.871) | 1.007† (0.888 to 1.142) | |
| Case–control study 3 | Subjects | 12398 | 61959 | ||
| NPCRD-NPCRD | No vit D use | 12214 (98.5) | 61469 (99.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Vit D use | 184 (1.5) | 490 (0.8) | 1.905 (1.604 to 2.262) | 1.496* (1.208 to 1.853) |
Data are presented as number (%), unless otherwise indicated.
*OR adjusted for osteoporosis, COPD/asthma, and oral corticosteroid use.
†OR adjusted for osteoporosis, COPD/asthma, oral corticosteroid use, and advanced renal disease.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NPCRD, Netherlands Primary Care Research Network; vit D, vitamin D use.