Characteristics of the self-management education intervention in each study
| Reference | Group education | Individual education | Patient brochure | Audiotape | Exercise | Action plan | Smoking cessation | Nutrition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallefoss8,15,16 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Blake17 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Cockcroft18 | ✓ | |||||||
| Emery19 | ✓ | |||||||
| Gourley20/Solomon21 | ✓ | |||||||
| Howland22 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Littlejohns23 | ✓ | |||||||
| Watson24 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |