Table 1

Categories of evidence185

LevelType of evidence
IaEvidence obtained from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
IbEvidence obtained from at least one randomised controlled trial
IIaEvidence obtained from at least one well designed controlled study without randomisation
IIbEvidence obtained from at least one other type of well designed quasi-experimental study
IIIEvidence obtained from well designed non-experimental descriptive studies such as comparative studies, correlation studies, and case controlled studies
IVEvidence obtained from expert committee reports and/or clinical experiences of respected authorities