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Coeliac disease and risk of tuberculosis: a population based cohort study

¹ Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden
² Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital/Institute, Sweden
³ Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital/Institute, Sweden
⁴ Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
⁵ Clinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr J F Ludvigsson
Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden; jonasludvigsson{at}yahoo.com

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease often characterised by malnutrition and linked to a number of complications such as an increased risk of lymphoma, adverse pregnancy outcome, and other autoimmune diseases. Tuberculosis (TB) affects a large proportion of the world population and is more common in individuals with malnutrition. We investigated the risk of TB in 14 335 individuals with CD and 69 888 matched reference individuals in a general population based cohort study.

Methods: Cox proportional hazards method was used to calculate the risk of subsequent TB in individuals with CD. In a separate analysis, the risk of CD in individuals with prior TB was calculated using conditional logistic regression.

Results: CD was associated with an increased risk of subsequent TB (hazard ratio (HR) 3.74, 95% CI 2.14 to 6.53; p<0.001). Similar risk estimates were seen when the population was stratified for sex and age at CD diagnosis. Individuals with CD were also at increased risk of TB diagnosed in departments of pulmonary medicine, infectious diseases, paediatrics, or thoracic medicine (HR 4.76, 95% CI 2.23 to 10.16; p<0.001). The odds ratio for CD in individuals with prior TB was 2.50 (95% CI 1.75 to 3.55; p<0.001).

Conclusions: CD is associated with TB. This may be due to malabsorption and lack of vitamin D in persons with CD. Individuals with TB and gastrointestinal symptoms should be investigated for CD.

Abbreviations: CD, coeliac disease; IFN, interferon; SEI, socioeconomic index; TB, tuberculosis

Keywords: autoimmunity; coeliac disease; cohort study; tuberculosis

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Coeliac disease and risk of tuberculosis: a population-based cohort study

D S Sanders, J West, and M K B Whyte
Thorax 2007 62: 1-2. [Extract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J F Ludvigsson, O Olen, M Bell, A Ekbom, and S M Montgomery Coeliac disease and risk of sepsis Gut, August 1, 2008; 57(8): 1074 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R F Walters, K. B Bamford, and S. Ghosh Coeliac disease and the risk of infections Gut, August 1, 2008; 57(8): 1034 - 1035. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Sexton and A. C. Harrison Susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2008; 31(6): 1322 - 1333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]