| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS | REGISTER |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE |
1 Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
2 Department of General Practice, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
3 Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
4 Department of Pulmonology, Groningen University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands
5 Department of Pathology, Groningen University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr T S Lapperre
Lung Function Laboratory, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P O Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; t.s.lapperre{at}lumc.nl
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with airway inflammation. Although smoking cessation improves symptoms and the decline in lung function in COPD, it is unknown whether bronchial inflammation in patients with established COPD varies with the duration of smoking cessation.
Methods: 114 patients (99 men) with COPD of mean (SD) age 62 (8) years, a median (IQR) smoking history of 42 (31–55) pack years, no inhaled or oral corticosteroids, all current or ex-smokers (n = 42, quit >1 month, median cessation duration 3.5 years), post-bronchodilator FEV1 63 (9)% predicted, and FEV1/IVC 48 (9)% were studied cross sectionally. The numbers of subepithelial T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8), neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, and plasma cells were measured in bronchial biopsy specimens (median (IQR)/0.1 mm2) using fully automated image analysis.
Results: Ex-smokers with COPD had higher CD3+, CD4+, and plasma cell numbers than current smokers with COPD (149 (88–225) v 108 (61–164), p = 0.036; 58 (32–90) v 40 (25–66), p = 0.023; and 9.0 (5.5–20) v 7.5 (3.1–14), p = 0.044, respectively), but no difference in other inflammatory cells. Short term ex-smokers (<3.5 years) had higher CD4+ and CD8+ cell numbers than current smokers (p = 0.017, p = 0.023; respectively). Conversely, long term ex-smokers (quit 
3.5 years) had lower CD8+ cell numbers than short term ex-smokers (p = 0.009), lower CD8/CD3 ratios than both current smokers and short-term ex-smokers (p = 0.012, p = 0.003; respectively), and higher plasma cell numbers than current smokers (p = 0.003).
Conclusions: With longer duration of smoking cessation, CD8 cell numbers decrease and plasma cell numbers increase. This indicates that bronchial T lymphocyte and plasma cell counts, but not other inflammatory cells, are related to duration of smoking cessation in patients with COPD.
Keywords: plasma cells; T lymphocytes; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; smoking cessation
Relevant Article
Thorax 2006 61: 93.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Rodriguez-Roisin and J. B. Soriano Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Lung Cancer and/or Cardiovascular Disease Proceedings of the ATS, December 1, 2008; 5(8): 842 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. MacNee Update in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2007 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2008; 177(8): 820 - 829. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. B. Snoeck-Stroband, T. S. Lapperre, M. M. E. Gosman, H. M. Boezen, W. Timens, N. H. T. ten Hacken, J. K. Sont, P. J. Sterk, P. S. Hiemstra, and the Groningen Leiden Universities Corticosteroids Chronic bronchitis sub-phenotype within COPD: inflammation in sputum and biopsies Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2008; 31(1): 70 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. I. Rennard Inflammation in COPD: a link to systemic comorbidities Eur. Respir. Rev., September 1, 2007; 16(105): 91 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Gamble, D. C. Grootendorst, K. Hattotuwa, T. O'Shaughnessy, F. S. F. Ram, Y. Qiu, J. Zhu, A. M. Vignola, C. Kroegel, F. Morell, et al. Airway mucosal inflammation in COPD is similar in smokers and ex-smokers: a pooled analysis Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2007; 30(3): 467 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Yoshida and R. M. Tuder Pathobiology of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Physiol Rev, July 1, 2007; 87(3): 1047 - 1082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. J. C. Smyth, C. Starkey, J. Vestbo, and D. Singh CD4-Regulatory Cells in COPD Patients Chest, July 1, 2007; 132(1): 156 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. K. Demedts, K. R. Bracke, G. Van Pottelberge, D. Testelmans, G. M. Verleden, F. E. Vermassen, G. F. Joos, and G. G. Brusselle Accumulation of Dendritic Cells and Increased CCL20 Levels in the Airways of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2007; 175(10): 998 - 1005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Parimon, J. W. Chien, C. L. Bryson, M. B. McDonell, E. M. Udris, and D. H. Au Inhaled Corticosteroids and Risk of Lung Cancer among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2007; 175(7): 712 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M E Gosman, H Marike Boezen, C. C van Diemen, J. B Snoeck-Stroband, T. S Lapperre, P. S Hiemstra, N. H T ten Hacken, J. Stolk, D. S Postma, and the GLUCOLD Study Group A disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathophysiology Thorax, March 1, 2007; 62(3): 242 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. S. Lapperre, L. N. A. Willems, W. Timens, K. F. Rabe, P. S. Hiemstra, D. S. Postma, P. J. Sterk, and the GLUCOLD Study Group Small Airways Dysfunction and Neutrophilic Inflammation in Bronchial Biopsies and BAL in COPD Chest, January 1, 2007; 131(1): 53 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J F Donohue Ageing, smoking and oxidative stress. Thorax, June 1, 2006; 61(6): 461 - 462. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS | REGISTER |
