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Concurrent granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium xenopi pneumonia: an unusual manifestation of HIV immune reconstitution disease

¹ Department of Sexual Health, Whipps Goss University Hospital and Department of Infection and Immunity, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK (formerly Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK)
² Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK
³ Department of Histopathology, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK
⁴ Department of Radiology, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK
⁵ Reader in Infectious Diseases, Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK (formerly Imperial College London and Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK)

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr F Chen
C/O Andrewes Unit, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, UK; fchenff{at}msn.com

This report of concurrent granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (GPCP) and Mycobacterium xenopi pneumonia (MXIP) in a patient with advanced HIV disease 3–5 weeks after commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) fits the syndrome of HIV immune reconstitution/restoration disease (IRD). It may also be a unique window into the immunology of granulomatous inflammation.

Keywords: granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; Mycobacterium xenopi pneumonia; HIV

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